Bibliography
Case Study
Genetic Disorders - Tay Sachs Disease
- GeneTherapy. Digital image. Common Health: Reform and Reality. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://commonhealth.wbur.org/2011/11/tay-sachs-human-trial>.
- Genetic Science Learning Center. "What are Genetic Disorders?."Learn.Genetics 28 November 2012 <http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/whataregd/>
- "History of Tay-Sachs Disease." National Tay-Sachs and Allied Diseases. National Tay-Sachs & Allied Diseases Association, n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. <http://www.ntsad.org/index.php/tay-sachs/history>
- Sheth, Kevin, MD. "Tay-Sachs Disease." A.D.A.M Medical Encyclopedia. N.p., Nov. 2010. Web. Nov. 2012. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002390/>.
- "Tay-Sachs Disease." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tay%E2%80%93Sachs_disease>.
- "Pyrimethamine." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Nov. 2012. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrimethamine>.
- Trobe, M.D., Jonathan. Tay-SachsUMich. Digital image. The Eyes Have It. University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, n.d. Web. <http://www.kellogg.umich.edu/theeyeshaveit/congenital/tay-sachs.html>.
- "Cracking the Code of Life." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/cracking-the-code-of-life.html>.
- "Index." Index. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. <http://www.telmeds.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/>.
- Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Autorecessive.svg>.
- "Tay-Sachs Disease." N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. <http://taysachsdisease.wikidot.com/>.
- http://yourgenesyourhealth.org/tay/cause.htm
Behavioral Disorders - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
1. "Fetal Alcohol Syndrome." Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. About.com & the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://alcoholism.about.com/cs/alerts/l/blnaa13.htm> - National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
2. Best, Catherine A., Soderberg, Cluette-Brown, Joanne E., MS, Laposata, Michael, MD, PhD., Raneem L., Britt, Salem O., MS, and "Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters." Diss. Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 2003. Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters. Pathology Patterns Reviews, 2003. Web. 18 Nov. 2012. <http://ajcp.ascpjournals.org/content/supplements/119/Suppl_1/S94.full.pdf>. – pathology patterns reviews
3. Dachel, Jennifer M., Larson, Palmela L., Parimi, Nair, and Anuradha, Venu G. K. "Fetal Alcohol Syndrome." Diss. Department of Environmental and Public Health, University of Wisconsin at Eau Claire, 2003-2004. Abstract. Alcohol as a Teratogen: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. University of Wisconsin at Eau Claire, 08 Dec. 2003. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. <http://people.uwec.edu/piercech/fas/fas...htm> - Department of Environmental and Public Health, University of Wisconsin
4. "Effects of Alcohol on a Fetus." FASD Center for Excellence. Department of Health and Human Services, 2007. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. <http://www.fasdcenter.samhsa.gov/documents/wynk_effects_fetus.pdf>.
5. (FIGURE 1) Kaskutas, Lee Ann & Graves, Karen. Addiction (2001) 96, 1199-1209. Provided by “Effects of Alcohol on a Fetus.” FASD Center for Excellence. Department of Health and Human Services, 2007. Web. 16 Nov. 2012.
6. (FIGURE 3) Medical State of Mind: Critical Periods of Human Development. Digital image. Medical State of Mind. Tumblr, 12 Apr. 2012. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. http://medicalstate.tumblr.com/post/21484975947/critical-periods-of-human-development
7. "Synthetase." Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/synthetase - - Miriam webster
8. Alcohol-Related Birth Defects. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Science/Power%20Point/FAS.pdf - NIAA
9. Perlstein, David. "Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Symptoms, Cause, Diagnosis, Signs, Facts and Statistics by MedicineNet.com." MedicineNet. Ed. William C. Shiel, Jr. MedicineNet, 21 Dec. 2010. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. <http://www.medicinenet.com/fetal_alcohol_syndrome/article.htm>.
10. Tourmaa, Tuula E. The Adverse Effects of Alcohol on Reproduction. The Adverse Effects of Alcohol on Reproduction. FORESIGHT, The Association for the Promotion of Preconceptual Care, 28 The Paddock, Godalming, Surrey GU17 1XD, n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2012. <http://www.come-over.to/FAS/alcohol.html>. – Tourmaa
11. (FIGURE 2) United States of America. National Institutes of Health. Department of Health and Human Services. Better Safe Than Sorry: The Biological Basis of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Other Alcohol-Related Birth Defects. National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Science/Power%20Point/FAS.pdf>.
12. "Data & Statistics." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 16 Aug. 2012. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. <http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/data.html>.
13. "Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: MedlinePlus." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 31 Oct. 2012. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html>.
14. "Stop and Think. If You're Pregnant, Don't Drink." FASD Center for Excellence. FASD Center, 13 Nov. 2012. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. <http://fasdcenter.samhsa.gov/Index.aspx>.
15. http://fasd.brighttomorrow.com/index.asp?page=2_4
1. "Fetal Alcohol Syndrome." Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. About.com & the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://alcoholism.about.com/cs/alerts/l/blnaa13.htm> - National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
2. Best, Catherine A., Soderberg, Cluette-Brown, Joanne E., MS, Laposata, Michael, MD, PhD., Raneem L., Britt, Salem O., MS, and "Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters." Diss. Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 2003. Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters. Pathology Patterns Reviews, 2003. Web. 18 Nov. 2012. <http://ajcp.ascpjournals.org/content/supplements/119/Suppl_1/S94.full.pdf>. – pathology patterns reviews
3. Dachel, Jennifer M., Larson, Palmela L., Parimi, Nair, and Anuradha, Venu G. K. "Fetal Alcohol Syndrome." Diss. Department of Environmental and Public Health, University of Wisconsin at Eau Claire, 2003-2004. Abstract. Alcohol as a Teratogen: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. University of Wisconsin at Eau Claire, 08 Dec. 2003. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. <http://people.uwec.edu/piercech/fas/fas...htm> - Department of Environmental and Public Health, University of Wisconsin
4. "Effects of Alcohol on a Fetus." FASD Center for Excellence. Department of Health and Human Services, 2007. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. <http://www.fasdcenter.samhsa.gov/documents/wynk_effects_fetus.pdf>.
5. (FIGURE 1) Kaskutas, Lee Ann & Graves, Karen. Addiction (2001) 96, 1199-1209. Provided by “Effects of Alcohol on a Fetus.” FASD Center for Excellence. Department of Health and Human Services, 2007. Web. 16 Nov. 2012.
6. (FIGURE 3) Medical State of Mind: Critical Periods of Human Development. Digital image. Medical State of Mind. Tumblr, 12 Apr. 2012. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. http://medicalstate.tumblr.com/post/21484975947/critical-periods-of-human-development
7. "Synthetase." Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/synthetase - - Miriam webster
8. Alcohol-Related Birth Defects. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Science/Power%20Point/FAS.pdf - NIAA
9. Perlstein, David. "Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Symptoms, Cause, Diagnosis, Signs, Facts and Statistics by MedicineNet.com." MedicineNet. Ed. William C. Shiel, Jr. MedicineNet, 21 Dec. 2010. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. <http://www.medicinenet.com/fetal_alcohol_syndrome/article.htm>.
10. Tourmaa, Tuula E. The Adverse Effects of Alcohol on Reproduction. The Adverse Effects of Alcohol on Reproduction. FORESIGHT, The Association for the Promotion of Preconceptual Care, 28 The Paddock, Godalming, Surrey GU17 1XD, n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2012. <http://www.come-over.to/FAS/alcohol.html>. – Tourmaa
11. (FIGURE 2) United States of America. National Institutes of Health. Department of Health and Human Services. Better Safe Than Sorry: The Biological Basis of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Other Alcohol-Related Birth Defects. National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Science/Power%20Point/FAS.pdf>.
12. "Data & Statistics." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 16 Aug. 2012. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. <http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/data.html>.
13. "Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: MedlinePlus." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 31 Oct. 2012. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html>.
14. "Stop and Think. If You're Pregnant, Don't Drink." FASD Center for Excellence. FASD Center, 13 Nov. 2012. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. <http://fasdcenter.samhsa.gov/Index.aspx>.
15. http://fasd.brighttomorrow.com/index.asp?page=2_4
Multifactorial Disorders - Cleft Palate/Lip
1. Barlow-Stewart Kristine. “Environmental and Genetic Interactions – Complex Patterns of Inheritance 1.” The Australian Genetics Resource Book. June 2007. < http://www.genetics.edu.au/Information/Genetics-Fact-Sheets/Environmetal-and-Genetic-Interactions-Complex-Patterns-of-Inheritance1-FS11>
2. “Cleft Lip and Palate.” A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. PubMed Health. May 1, 2011 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002046/>
3. “Fact Sheet: Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate.” American Academy of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery. October 13, 2011. <http://www.entnet.org/HealthInformation/cleftLipPalate.cfm>
4. Stanier, Philip and Gudrun E. Moore. Human Molecular Genetics. Oxford Journals. Volume 13 Issue suppl 1. January 13, 2004 <http://hmg.oxfordjournals.org/content/13/suppl_1/R73.full>
5. What are complex or multifactorial disorders? Genetics Home Reference. November 25, 2012. <http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/mutationsanddisorders/complexdisorders>
6. (Figure 1) El- Hazmi. M.A.F. Spectrum of Genetic Disorders and the Impact on Health Care Delivery: An Introduction. Islam Science Engineering and Technology. Bioethics. Genetic Engineering. <http://www.islamset.com/bioethics/genetics/images/figure2d.GIF>
7. (Figure 2) “Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate.” Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. <http://www.idahosurgicalarts.com/images/cleft_palate.jpg>
1. Barlow-Stewart Kristine. “Environmental and Genetic Interactions – Complex Patterns of Inheritance 1.” The Australian Genetics Resource Book. June 2007. < http://www.genetics.edu.au/Information/Genetics-Fact-Sheets/Environmetal-and-Genetic-Interactions-Complex-Patterns-of-Inheritance1-FS11>
2. “Cleft Lip and Palate.” A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. PubMed Health. May 1, 2011 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002046/>
3. “Fact Sheet: Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate.” American Academy of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery. October 13, 2011. <http://www.entnet.org/HealthInformation/cleftLipPalate.cfm>
4. Stanier, Philip and Gudrun E. Moore. Human Molecular Genetics. Oxford Journals. Volume 13 Issue suppl 1. January 13, 2004 <http://hmg.oxfordjournals.org/content/13/suppl_1/R73.full>
5. What are complex or multifactorial disorders? Genetics Home Reference. November 25, 2012. <http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/mutationsanddisorders/complexdisorders>
6. (Figure 1) El- Hazmi. M.A.F. Spectrum of Genetic Disorders and the Impact on Health Care Delivery: An Introduction. Islam Science Engineering and Technology. Bioethics. Genetic Engineering. <http://www.islamset.com/bioethics/genetics/images/figure2d.GIF>
7. (Figure 2) “Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate.” Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. <http://www.idahosurgicalarts.com/images/cleft_palate.jpg>
Future Innovations
(1) Guerrero, Cesar A. "Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery: 30 Years Follow-up." Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery 2.2 (2012): 153-57. Print.
(2) Tollefson, T. T., C. W. Senders, and J. M. Sykes. “Changing Perspectives in Cleft Lip and Palate: From Acrylic to Allele.” Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery 10.6 (2008): 395-400. Print.
(3) Holsinger, F., D. Goldenberg, R. Levin, H. Macapinlac, D. Trask, and G. Harel. “Integrated PET/CT in Head and Neck Cancer: Controversies and Challenges.” Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 139.2 (2008): P18. Print.
(4) “Research and Innovations.” Nationwide Children's Hospital. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. <http://www.nationwidechildrens.org/cleft-lip-palate-research>.
(5) Habal, Mutaz B., MD. "Getting Clefts to the Forefront of Plastic Surgery, Based on New Innovation and Advances: The Crusaders of the Lost Ark." Editorial. THe Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Jan. 2009: 1-2. Print.
(6) "Facts about Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. N.p., 19 July 2012. Web. 01 Dec. 2012. <http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/cleftlip.html>.
(7) Tollefson, et al.
(8) Lydiatt DD, Yonkers AJ, Schall DG (November 1989). "The management of the cleft lip and palate patient". Nebr Med J 74 (11): 325–8; discussion 328–9.
(9) Tollfsson, et al.
(10) Shaffer, Amanda. "Cleft Palate Practice, Pre-Surgery." The New York Times. N.p., 2 Aug. 2005. Web. 1 Dec. 2012. <http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/02/health/02clef.html?pagewanted=all>.
(11) "2011 Annual Impact Report." Operation Smile. N.p., 2011. Web. 1 Dec. 2012. <http://www.operationsmile.org/downloadables/news-events/publications/2011-annual-report.pdf>.
(12) Stanier, Philip, and Gudrun E. Moore. "Genetics of Cleft Lip and Palate: Syndromic Genes Contribute to the Incidence of Non-syndromic Clefts." Human Molecular Genetics 13.1 (2004): R73-81. Print.
(13) Tollefson, et al.
(14) Guerrero, et al.
(15) Tollefson, et al.
Image 1- "2011 Annual Impact Report." Operation Smile. N.p., 2011. Web. 1 Dec. 2012. <http://www.operationsmile.org/downloadables/news-events/publications/2011-annual-report.pdf>.
Image 2-https://secure.operationsmile.org/site/Donation2?df_id=12700&12700.donation=form1&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_term=operation%20smile&utm_campaign=paid
Figure 1- Tollefson, T. T., C. W. Senders, and J. M. Sykes. “Changing Perspectives in Cleft Lip and Palate: From Acrylic to Allele.” Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery 10.6 (2008): 395-400. Print.
Image 3- Shaffer, Amanda. "Cleft Palate Practice, Pre-Surgery." The New York Times. N.p., 2 Aug. 2005. Web. 1 Dec. 2012. <http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/02/health/02clef.html?pagewanted=all>.
Image 4- "2011 Annual Impact Report." Operation Smile. N.p., 2011. Web. 1 Dec. 2012. <http://www.operationsmile.org/downloadables/news-events/publications/2011-annual-report.pdf>.
(1) Guerrero, Cesar A. "Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery: 30 Years Follow-up." Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery 2.2 (2012): 153-57. Print.
(2) Tollefson, T. T., C. W. Senders, and J. M. Sykes. “Changing Perspectives in Cleft Lip and Palate: From Acrylic to Allele.” Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery 10.6 (2008): 395-400. Print.
(3) Holsinger, F., D. Goldenberg, R. Levin, H. Macapinlac, D. Trask, and G. Harel. “Integrated PET/CT in Head and Neck Cancer: Controversies and Challenges.” Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 139.2 (2008): P18. Print.
(4) “Research and Innovations.” Nationwide Children's Hospital. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. <http://www.nationwidechildrens.org/cleft-lip-palate-research>.
(5) Habal, Mutaz B., MD. "Getting Clefts to the Forefront of Plastic Surgery, Based on New Innovation and Advances: The Crusaders of the Lost Ark." Editorial. THe Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Jan. 2009: 1-2. Print.
(6) "Facts about Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. N.p., 19 July 2012. Web. 01 Dec. 2012. <http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/cleftlip.html>.
(7) Tollefson, et al.
(8) Lydiatt DD, Yonkers AJ, Schall DG (November 1989). "The management of the cleft lip and palate patient". Nebr Med J 74 (11): 325–8; discussion 328–9.
(9) Tollfsson, et al.
(10) Shaffer, Amanda. "Cleft Palate Practice, Pre-Surgery." The New York Times. N.p., 2 Aug. 2005. Web. 1 Dec. 2012. <http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/02/health/02clef.html?pagewanted=all>.
(11) "2011 Annual Impact Report." Operation Smile. N.p., 2011. Web. 1 Dec. 2012. <http://www.operationsmile.org/downloadables/news-events/publications/2011-annual-report.pdf>.
(12) Stanier, Philip, and Gudrun E. Moore. "Genetics of Cleft Lip and Palate: Syndromic Genes Contribute to the Incidence of Non-syndromic Clefts." Human Molecular Genetics 13.1 (2004): R73-81. Print.
(13) Tollefson, et al.
(14) Guerrero, et al.
(15) Tollefson, et al.
Image 1- "2011 Annual Impact Report." Operation Smile. N.p., 2011. Web. 1 Dec. 2012. <http://www.operationsmile.org/downloadables/news-events/publications/2011-annual-report.pdf>.
Image 2-https://secure.operationsmile.org/site/Donation2?df_id=12700&12700.donation=form1&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_term=operation%20smile&utm_campaign=paid
Figure 1- Tollefson, T. T., C. W. Senders, and J. M. Sykes. “Changing Perspectives in Cleft Lip and Palate: From Acrylic to Allele.” Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery 10.6 (2008): 395-400. Print.
Image 3- Shaffer, Amanda. "Cleft Palate Practice, Pre-Surgery." The New York Times. N.p., 2 Aug. 2005. Web. 1 Dec. 2012. <http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/02/health/02clef.html?pagewanted=all>.
Image 4- "2011 Annual Impact Report." Operation Smile. N.p., 2011. Web. 1 Dec. 2012. <http://www.operationsmile.org/downloadables/news-events/publications/2011-annual-report.pdf>.
Birth Defects in Culture and Ethics
- Abel, Ernest, and Robert Sokol. "Incidence of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Economic Impact of FAS-related Anomalies." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 19.1 (1987): 51-70. ScienceDirect. Web. 1 Dec. 2012. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0376871687900871>.
- “Abortion.” The New Oxford Dictionary. 3rd ed. 2005. Print.
- "Company Developing Universal Genetic Tests Based On The Dor Yeshorim Concept."VosIzNeias.com. N.p., 7 Feb. 2010. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. <http://www.vosizneias.com/48829/2010/02/07/redwood-city-ca-california-company-developing-universal-genetic-tests-based-on-the-dor-yeshorim-concept/>.
- Ehrlich, Kenny. "Maximizing Quality of Life for Children with Tay-Sachs Disease." Nurse.com. 13 Aug. 2007. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. <http://news.nurse.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2007708080307>.
- "Genetic counseling." The New Oxford Dictionary. 3rd ed. 2005. Print.
- "Genetic testing." The New Oxford Dictionary. 3rd ed. 2005. Print.
- Howson CP, Christianson AC, Modell B. 2008. “Controlling Birth Defects: Reducing the Hidden Toll of Dying and Disabled Children in Lower-Income Countries.” Disease Control Priorities Project (DCPP), Washington, DC. <http://www.dcp2.org/file/230/dcpp-twpcongenitaldefects_web.pdf>.
- Kolata, Gina. "Using Genetic Tests, Ashkenazi Jews Vanquish a Disease." New York Times. 18 Feb. 2003. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. <http://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/18/science/18DISE.html>.
- Lobo, Ingrid, and Kira Zhaurova. "Birth Defects: Causes and Statistics." Nature.com. Nature Publishing Group, 2008. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. <http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/birth-defects-causes-and-statistics-863>.
- Marshall, Sarah and Siobhan M. Dolan. "Tay-Sachs Disease." Cigna.com. Cigna, 6 Sept. 2011. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. <http://www.cigna.com/individualandfamilies/health-and-well-being/hw/medical-topics/tay-sachs-disease-hw182975.html>.
- "Prenatal screening." WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. 2003-2008. Princeton University, Clipart.com, Farlex Inc. 1 Dec. 2012http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Prenatal+screening